Ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m HIV l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\nPh\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m HIV l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c ho\u1eb7c da c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u00e1u, m\u00f4 ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV.<\/span><\/p>\nD\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV b\u1eb1ng thu\u1ed1c ARV (thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng HIV) l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c ARV \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng b\u1eb1ng thu\u1ed1c ARV \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong 2 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/span><\/p>\n\nD\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m (PrEP).<\/span><\/li>\nD\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng sau ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m (PEP).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\nPrEP l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/span><\/h2>\nPrEP l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m v\u1edbi HIV (vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 PrEP) l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c ARV (thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng HIV) cho nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u01b0a nhi\u1ec5m HIV nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 cao nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng.<\/span><\/p>\n\u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 97% trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec5m HIV l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c.<\/span><\/p>\n\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/span><\/p>\nT\u1ea1i sao n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng PrEP?<\/span><\/h2>\nSau khi u\u1ed1ng, thu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n kh\u00f4ng cho virus HIV x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p virus x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n l\u00ean, do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV.<\/span><\/p>\nC\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng PrEP n\u1ebfu tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a chuy\u00ean gia y t\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV t\u1edbi h\u01a1n 90%.<\/span><\/p>\nCh\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh PrEP<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nCh\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/td>\n Ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\nHIV \u00e2m t\u00ednh<\/span><\/p>\nKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng HIV c\u1ea5p<\/span><\/p>\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 cao nhi\u1ec5m HIV, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n\nQuan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bao cao su v\u1edbi t\u1eeb 2 b\u1ea1n t\u00ecnh tr\u1edf l\u00ean (bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 quan h\u1ec7 theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eadu m\u00f4n)<\/span><\/li>\nB\u1ea1n t\u00ecnh c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 cao nhi\u1ec5m HIV ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 nguy c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec5m HIV hay kh\u00f4ng<\/span><\/li>\nB\u1ea1n t\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec5m HIV nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ARV ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea1n t\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ARV nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea3i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng HIV l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 200 b\u1ea3n sao\/mL ho\u1eb7c ch\u01b0a x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ea3i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng HIV<\/span><\/li>\nC\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed m\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c \u0111ang \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/li>\n\u0110\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng sau ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m HIV (PEP) v\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 cao<\/span><\/li>\nD\u00f9ng chung b\u01a1m kim ti\u00eam ho\u1eb7c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ti\u00eam ch\u00edch<\/span><\/li>\nC\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng PrEP<\/span><\/li>\nMong mu\u1ed1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng PrEP v\u00e0 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m HIV \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n HIV d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh<\/span><\/p>\nC\u00f3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec5m HIV c\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi nhi\u1ec5m HIV<\/span><\/p>\nD\u1ecb \u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0o trong ph\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 PrEP<\/span><\/p>\nKh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 TDF (Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 thanh th\u1ea3i creatinin d\u01b0\u1edbi 60 mL\/ph\u00fat ho\u1eb7c c\u00e2n n\u1eb7ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 35kg<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\nC\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng PrEP \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng u\u1ed1ng<\/span><\/h2>\nC\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng PrEP \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng u\u1ed1ng<\/figcaption><\/figure>\nHi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00f3 2 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 PrEP h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 PrEP theo t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/p>\nPrEP h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y<\/span><\/h3>\n\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng PrEP h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m trong danh s\u00e1ch ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng PrEP.<\/span><\/p>\nPrEP theo t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng<\/span><\/h3>\nNam gi\u1edbi (c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1c gi\u1edbi), ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u1ec3n n\u1eef gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hormone k\u00e8m theo:<\/span><\/p>\n\nT\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c trung b\u00ecnh < 2 l\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n.<\/span><\/li>\nD\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng HIV trong v\u00f2ng 2 \u0111\u1ebfn 24 gi\u1edd tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c.<\/span><\/li>\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\nKh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng PrEP theo t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng sau:<\/span><\/p>\n\nN\u1eef gi\u1edbi.<\/span><\/li>\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1edbi n\u1eef v\u00e0 \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p hormone.<\/span><\/li>\nB\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n vi\u00eam gan B m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh.<\/span><\/li>\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eam ch\u00edch ma t\u00fay.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\nM\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng PrEP:<\/span><\/p>\n\nX\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m HIV.<\/span><\/li>\nX\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m creatinin.<\/span><\/li>\nX\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m vi\u00eam gan B.<\/span><\/li>\nX\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m vi\u00eam gan C.<\/span><\/li>\nX\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c.<\/span><\/li>\nTh\u1eed thai (n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n).\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\nPh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb<\/span><\/h2>\nPh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb<\/figcaption><\/figure>\nC\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c sau:<\/span><\/p>\n\nTenofovir disoproxil fumarate\/Emtricitabine (300mg\/200mg).<\/span><\/li>\nTenofovir disoproxil fumarate\/Lamivudine (300mg\/300mg).<\/span><\/li>\nTenofovir disoproxil fumarate (300mg).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\nM\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0u \u00fd:<\/span><\/p>\n\nCh\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate\/Emtricitabine (300mg\/200mg) ho\u1eb7c Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate\/Lamivudine (300mg\/300mg) cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p PrEP theo t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/li>\nTenofovir disoproxil fumarate ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 2 thu\u1ed1c tr\u00ean. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chung b\u01a1m kim ti\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eam ch\u00edch.<\/span><\/li>\nN\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng vi\u00ean r\u1eddi.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\nLi\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nPrEP u\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y<\/span><\/td>\n PrEP u\u1ed1ng theo t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\nM\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y u\u1ed1ng 1 vi\u00ean<\/span><\/p>\nNam quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1edbi theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eadu m\u00f4n, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u u\u1ed1ng 2 vi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n sau u\u1ed1ng m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y 1 vi\u00ean0<\/span><\/td>\n
S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate\/Emtricitabine (300mg\/200mg) theo c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c: 2 + 1 + 1<\/span><\/p>\nLi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean u\u1ed1ng 2 vi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi quan h\u1ec7 t\u1eeb 2-24 gi\u1edd<\/span><\/p>\nU\u1ed1ng vi\u00ean th\u1ee9 3 sau 24 gi\u1edd so v\u1edbi li\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span><\/p>\nU\u1ed1ng vi\u00ean th\u1ee9 4 sau 24 gi\u1edd so v\u1edbi li\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 hai<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\nU\u1ed1ng thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m HIV trong bao l\u00e2u?<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1u<\/span><\/td>\n PrEP ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ed1i \u0111a sau khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 21 ng\u00e0y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c ch\u1ec9 qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eadu m\u00f4n<\/span><\/td>\n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y u\u1ed1ng 1 vi\u00ean th\u00ec hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sau 7 ng\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu u\u1ed1ng 2 vi\u00ean Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate\/Emtricitabine tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi quan h\u1ec7 2-24 gi\u1edd\u00a0 th\u00ec c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1edbm<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n:<\/span><\/p>\n\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1u th\u00ec c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ebft 28 ng\u00e0y sau l\u1ea7n ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/span><\/li>\n\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1edbi qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eadu m\u00f4n th\u00ec c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c 2 ng\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp theo sau l\u1ea7n ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\nM\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng PrEP<\/span><\/h2>\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1edbi n\u1eef \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hormone: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate\/Emtricitabine kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 hormone nh\u01b0ng hormone c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu dung thu\u1ed1c h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y th\u00ec thu\u1ed1c v\u1eabn \u1edf li\u1ec1u c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/span><\/p>\nPh\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 thai v\u00e0 cho con b\u00fa: C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/span><\/p>\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ma t\u00fay: C\u1ea7n t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n.<\/span><\/p>\nThanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m cao: T\u01b0 v\u1ea5n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 sinh s\u1ea3n, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, t\u1ea1o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i.<\/span><\/p>\nB\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n vi\u00eam gan B: Kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng PrEP theo t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/p>\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng sau ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m: \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nguy c\u01a1, x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m HIV n\u1ebfu \u00e2m t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng PrEP.<\/span><\/p>\nNg\u1eebng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng PrEP trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o?<\/span><\/h2>\nNg\u1eebng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng PrEP trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\nC\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u1eebng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng PrEP:<\/span><\/p>\n\nX\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh v\u1edbi HIV.<\/span><\/li>\nKh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nguy c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec5m HIV.<\/span><\/li>\nKh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 v\u1edbi ph\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c mu\u1ed1n ng\u01b0ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\nPEP l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/span><\/h2>\n\u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng sau ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m HIV (PEP) l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng virus HIV cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m v\u1edbi HIV.<\/span><\/p>\nVi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e0ng s\u1edbm c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t, <\/span>thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m HIV 72 gi\u1edd<\/b> kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng mu\u1ed9n h\u01a1n 72 gi\u1edd sau khi ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m.<\/span><\/p>\nPh\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m HIV c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ho\u1eb7c ngo\u00e0i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/span><\/p>\nC\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m<\/span><\/h2>\nPh\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau:<\/span><\/p>\n\nKim ti\u00eam \u0111\u00e2m xuy\u00ean qua da trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 l\u1ea5y m\u00e1u x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m, l\u00e0m th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt, ch\u1ecdc d\u00f2, ti\u00eam truy\u1ec1n,…<\/span><\/li>\nM\u00e1u ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi HIV d\u00ednh v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng da b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c v\u00f9ng ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c (m\u1eaft, m\u0169i, h\u1ecdng) c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/li>\nC\u00e1c v\u1eadt s\u1eafc nh\u1ecdn c\u00f3 d\u00ednh m\u00e1u, d\u1ecbch c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi HIV g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/li>\nS\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chung b\u01a1m kim ti\u00eam v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00edch ma t\u00fay.<\/span><\/li>\nQuan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m HIV ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/span><\/li>\nBao cao su b\u1ecb r\u00e1ch trong khi quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c.<\/span><\/li>\nB\u1ecb hi\u1ebfp d\u00e2m, c\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u00e2m.<\/span><\/li>\nPh\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 khi thi h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5.<\/span><\/li>\nPh\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m ngo\u00e0i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 x\u1ea3y ra ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\nC\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng sau ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nB\u01b0\u1edbc 1: X\u1eed l\u00fd v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span><\/td>\n \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c m\u1eaft: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i sinh l\u00fd 0,9% \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1eeda m\u1eaft. N\u00ean r\u1eeda li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong v\u00f2ng 5 ph\u00fat, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00f2i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1eeda m\u1eaft.<\/span><\/p>\n\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean da c\u00f3 ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u: Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh r\u1eeda v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00f2i n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1ef1 ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn, tuy nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eb7n b\u00f3p v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng qua ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c m\u0169i, mi\u1ec7ng: Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh r\u1eeda m\u0169i ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ecf m\u0169i b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i sinh l\u00fd 0,9%. S\u00fac mi\u1ec7ng b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i sinh l\u00fd 0,9% li\u00ean t\u1ee5c nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\nB\u01b0\u1edbc 2: B\u00e1o c\u00e1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh l\u00e0m bi\u00ean b\u1ea3n trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m do ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p<\/span><\/td>\n Ghi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m trong H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m.<\/span><\/p>\nGhi r\u00f5 ng\u00e0y gi\u1edd, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh x\u1ea3y ra ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nguy c\u01a1 ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m.<\/span><\/p>\nSau \u0111\u00f3, l\u1ea5y ch\u1eef k\u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\nB\u01b0\u1edbc 3: \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nguy c\u01a1 ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m<\/span><\/td>\n Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nguy c\u01a1 ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m s\u1ebd ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac.<\/span><\/p>\nPh\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1: Ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1u, qua ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c (t\u1eeb d\u1ecbch \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o, tinh d\u1ecbch, s\u1eefa m\u1eb9, d\u1ecbch tr\u1ef1c tr\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a m\u00e1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c), v\u00f9ng da c\u00f3 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 v\u1ebft tr\u1ea7y x\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c tr\u00e0ng, \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o, mi\u1ec7ng, m\u1eaft, ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, da. C\u00e1c t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e0ng r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e0ng s\u00e2u th\u00ec c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec5m HIV cao.<\/span><\/p>\n