AMINO ACID: C\u1ea4U TR\u00daC V\u00c0 PH\u00c2N LO\u1ea0I<\/h2>\n
Amino acids, m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 ch\u1ee9a c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m amino v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m acid carboxylic, l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n ph\u00e2n (monomer) v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c protein. Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed amino acid c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed carbon \u0251 trung t\u00e2m, g\u1eafn v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m carboxy (COOH), m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m amino (NH2), m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed hydro v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i b\u00ean (side chain, th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 R). C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac amino acid \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong\u00a0S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 1.<\/p>\n
M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 100 amino acid kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 20 amino acid tham gia v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a protein v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Do c\u00f3 4 nh\u00f3m th\u1ebf kh\u00e1c nhau g\u1eafn v\u00e0o carbon \u0251, amino acid c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf 2 d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n l\u00e0 L v\u00e0 D, tuy nhi\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 g\u1eb7p amino acid d\u1ea1ng L trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c carbohydrat, khi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 carbonhydrat d\u1ea1ng D l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n
D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i b\u00ean R, c\u00e1c amino acid c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh 4 nh\u00f3m nh\u01b0 trong\u00a0B\u1ea3ng 1. Trong nh\u00f3m amino acid b\u00e9o, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia ti\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh 2 nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf:\u00a0amino acid ph\u00e2n nh\u00e1nh\u00a0(branched-chain amino acids – BCAAs, bao g\u1ed3m leucin, isoleucin, valin) v\u00e0\u00a0amino acid ch\u1ee9a sulphur\u00a0(sulphur-containing amino acids\u00a0– SAA, bao g\u1ed3m cystein v\u00e0 methionin).<\/p>\n
![\"amino](\"https:\/\/www.hmm88i.com\/drug\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/amino_acid.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/p>\n
D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u00ednh thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu v\u1edbi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00e1c amino acid c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh:\u00a0amino acid thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu\u00a0(essential AA),\u00a0amino acid b\u00e1n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu\u00a0hay\u00a0thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n\u00a0(semi-essential AA\u00a0hay\u00a0conditionally essential AA) v\u00e0\u00a0amino acid kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu\u00a0(non-essential AA).<\/p>\n
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- Amino acid thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu: l\u00e0 c\u00e1c amino acid m\u00e0 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec v\u1eady ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng qua ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c tho\u00e1i gi\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c protein kh\u00e1c. Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 amino acid n\u00e0o trong nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 sinh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p protein, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 khi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c amino acid c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
- Amino acid b\u00e1n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu (hay thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n): l\u00e0 c\u00e1c amino acid c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ee7 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ti\u1ec1n ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 stress ho\u1eb7c trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ec7nh, vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c amino acid n\u00e0y b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c amino acid thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu.<\/li>\n
- Amino acid kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu: l\u00e0 c\u00e1c amino acid c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t trung gian chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i cung c\u1ea5p t\u1eeb ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c amino acid theo t\u00ednh thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea trong\u00a0B\u1ea3ng 2.<\/p>\n
![\"amino](\"https:\/\/www.hmm88i.com\/drug\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/amino_acid_3.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/p>\nC\u00c1C LO\u1ea0I DUNG D\u1ecaCH AMINO ACID S\u1eec D\u1ee4NG TRONG L\u00c2M S\u00c0NG<\/h2>\n
C\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch amino acid chu\u1ea9n:<\/h3>\n
V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c amino acid theo t\u00ednh thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu n\u00eau tr\u00ean, c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m dung d\u1ecbch amino acid hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9a c\u1ea3 9 amino acid thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong c\u00e1c amino acid kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y theo nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (B\u1ea3ng 3). Trong \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng amino acid thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu th\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ebfm t\u1eeb 38 – 57 % t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng amino acid v\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i 43 – 62 % l\u00e0 c\u00e1c amino acid b\u00e1n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n
Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00e1c amino acid cung c\u1ea5p 4 kcal\/gam amino acid. Do \u0111\u00f3, t\u1eeb n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch amino acid \u0111ang d\u00f9ng s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i amino acid th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch amino acid chu\u1ea9n (standard solution), th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p tr\u00ean l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng l\u00e0: Alvesin, Aminoplasmal, Aminosteril, Amiparen,\u2026B\u1ea3ng 3\u00a0tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a 2 dung d\u1ecbch amino acid chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0 Alvesin v\u00e0 Aminoplasmal, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u0103n c\u1ee9 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch amino acid \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
B\u1ea3ng 3. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i dung d\u1ecbch amino acid th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng trong l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng<\/p>\n
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\n T\u00ean amino acids (gam)<\/td>\n Alvesin 10e<\/td>\n Aminoplasmal 10%<\/td>\n Morihepamin<\/td>\n Aminoleban<\/td>\n Neoamiyu<\/td>\n Kidmin<\/td>\n Nephrosteril<\/td>\n Vaminolact<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Th\u1ec3 t\u00edch<\/td>\n 1000 mL<\/td>\n 1000 mL<\/td>\n T\u00fai 500 mL<\/td>\n Chai 500 ml<\/td>\n T\u00fai 200 mL<\/td>\n Chai 200 ml<\/td>\n Chai 250 ml<\/td>\n M\u1ed7i 1000 mL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Ph\u00e2n\u00a0lo\u1ea1i<\/td>\n Chu\u1ea9n<\/td>\n Chu\u1ea9n<\/td>\n B\u1ec7nh gan<\/td>\n B\u1ec7nh gan<\/td>\n B\u1ec7nh th\u1eadn<\/td>\n B\u1ec7nh th\u1eadn<\/td>\n B\u1ec7nh th\u1eadn<\/td>\n Tr\u1ebb em<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n L-Isoleucin<\/td>\n 5.850<\/td>\n 5.000<\/td>\n 4.600<\/td>\n 4.500<\/td>\n 1.500<\/td>\n 1.800<\/td>\n 1.275<\/td>\n 3.100<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n L-Leucin<\/td>\n 6.240<\/td>\n 8.900<\/td>\n 4.725<\/td>\n 5.500<\/td>\n 2.000<\/td>\n 2.800<\/td>\n 2.575<\/td>\n 7.000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n L-Valin<\/td>\n 5.000<\/td>\n 6.200<\/td>\n 4.450<\/td>\n 4.200<\/td>\n 1.500<\/td>\n 2.000<\/td>\n 1.550<\/td>\n 3.600<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n L-Histidin<\/td>\n 3.300<\/td>\n 3.000<\/td>\n 1.550<\/td>\n 1.200<\/td>\n 0.500<\/td>\n 0.700<\/td>\n 1.075<\/td>\n 2.100<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n L-Lysin<\/td>\n 7.100<\/td>\n 6.850<\/td>\n 1.975<\/td>\n 3.050<\/td>\n 1.400<\/td>\n 1.000<\/td>\n 1.775<\/td>\n 5.600<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n L-Methionin<\/td>\n 4.680<\/td>\n 4.400<\/td>\n 0.220<\/td>\n 0.500<\/td>\n 1.000<\/td>\n 0.600<\/td>\n 0.700<\/td>\n 1.300<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n L-Phenylalanin<\/td>\n 5.400<\/td>\n 4.700<\/td>\n 0.150<\/td>\n 0.500<\/td>\n 1.000<\/td>\n 1.000<\/td>\n 0.975<\/td>\n 2.700<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n L-Threonin<\/td>\n 5.000<\/td>\n 4.200<\/td>\n 1.070<\/td>\n 2.250<\/td>\n 0.500<\/td>\n 0.700<\/td>\n 1.200<\/td>\n 3.600<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n L-Tryptophan<\/td>\n 2.000<\/td>\n 1.600<\/td>\n 0.350<\/td>\n 0.350<\/td>\n 0.500<\/td>\n 0.500<\/td>\n 0.475<\/td>\n 1.400<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n L-Arginin<\/td>\n 9.660<\/td>\n 11.500<\/td>\n 7.685<\/td>\n 3.000<\/td>\n 0.600<\/td>\n 0.900<\/td>\n 1.225<\/td>\n 4.100<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Glycin<\/td>\n 7.550<\/td>\n 12.000<\/td>\n 2.700<\/td>\n 4.500<\/td>\n 0.300<\/td>\n –<\/td>\n 0.800<\/td>\n 2.100<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n L-Prolin<\/td>\n 7.500<\/td>\n 5.500<\/td>\n 2.650<\/td>\n 4.000<\/td>\n 0.400<\/td>\n 0.600<\/td>\n 1.075<\/td>\n 5.600<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n L-Tyrosin<\/td>\n 1.620<\/td>\n 0.400<\/td>\n 0.200<\/td>\n –<\/td>\n 0.100<\/td>\n 0.100<\/td>\n –<\/td>\n 0.500<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n L-Cystein<\/td>\n 0.500<\/td>\n –<\/td>\n –<\/td>\n 0.150<\/td>\n –<\/td>\n 0.200<\/td>\n 0.100<\/td>\n 1.000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n L-Alanin<\/td>\n 15.500<\/td>\n 10.500<\/td>\n 4.200<\/td>\n 3.750<\/td>\n 0.600<\/td>\n 0.500<\/td>\n 1.575<\/td>\n 6.300<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Acid L-Aspartic<\/td>\n 1.910<\/td>\n 5.600<\/td>\n 0.100<\/td>\n –<\/td>\n 0.050<\/td>\n 0.200<\/td>\n –<\/td>\n 4.100<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Acid L-Glutamic<\/td>\n 5.000<\/td>\n 7.200<\/td>\n –<\/td>\n –<\/td>\n 0.050<\/td>\n 0.200<\/td>\n –<\/td>\n 7.100<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n L-Serin<\/td>\n 4.300<\/td>\n 2.300<\/td>\n 1.300<\/td>\n 2.500<\/td>\n 0.200<\/td>\n 0.600<\/td>\n 1.125<\/td>\n 3.800<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n L-Ornithin<\/td>\n 1.900<\/td>\n –<\/td>\n –<\/td>\n –<\/td>\n –<\/td>\n –<\/td>\n –<\/td>\n –<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Taurin<\/td>\n –<\/td>\n –<\/td>\n –<\/td>\n –<\/td>\n –<\/td>\n –<\/td>\n –<\/td>\n 0.300<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 amino acid (gam)<\/td>\n 100.010<\/td>\n 99.850<\/td>\n 37.925<\/td>\n 39.950<\/td>\n 12.200<\/td>\n 14.400<\/td>\n 17.500<\/td>\n 65.300<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n T\u1ed5ng h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nit\u01a1<\/td>\n 15.6 g\/L<\/td>\n 15.8 g\/L<\/td>\n 13.18 g\/L<\/td>\n 12.2 g\/L<\/td>\n 8.1 g\/L<\/td>\n 10 g\/L<\/td>\n 10.8 g\/L<\/td>\n 9.3 g\/L<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/td>\n 400 kcal<\/td>\n 400 kcal<\/td>\n 151.7 kcal<\/td>\n 160 kcal<\/td>\n 48.4 kcal<\/td>\n 57.6 kcal<\/td>\n 70 kcal<\/td>\n 240 kcal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n % BCAA<\/td>\n 17.09<\/td>\n 20.13<\/td>\n 36.32<\/td>\n 35.54<\/td>\n 40.98<\/td>\n 45.83<\/td>\n 30.86<\/td>\n 20.98<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n C\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch amino acid d\u00f9ng cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n suy gan v\u00e0 suy th\u1eadn:<\/h2>\n
B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1eadn v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gan c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 amino acid \u0111\u1ed3 (aminogram) so v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, do \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng dung d\u1ecbch amino acid c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 Fischer. T\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 Fischer l\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 mol gi\u1eefa\u00a0amino acid ph\u00e2n nh\u00e1nh\u00a0(BCAA\u00a0– bao g\u1ed3m isoleucin, leucin, valin) so v\u1edbi\u00a0amino acid m\u1ea1ch th\u01a1m\u00a0(aromatic amino acid\u00a0–\u00a0AAA\u00a0– bao g\u1ed3m phenylalanin, tyrosin), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n
![\"amino](\"https:\/\/www.hmm88i.com\/drug\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/amino_acid-1.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/p>\nT\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y cho bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa l\u01b0\u1ee3ng amino acid ph\u00e2n nh\u00e1nh v\u00e0 amino acid m\u1ea1ch th\u01a1m trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m dung d\u1ecbch amino acid \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n
\u1ede b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n suy gan:\u00a0B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n suy gan c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng trong n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 amino acid \u1edf m\u00e1u, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c amino acid m\u1ea1ch nh\u00e1nh (BCAA) v\u00e0 t\u0103ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c amino acid m\u1ea1ch th\u01a1m (AAA). S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p vai tr\u00f2 trong b\u1ec7nh sinh c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh n\u00e3o gan (hepatic encephalopathy). Gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft cho \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c BCAA v\u00e0 AAA c\u00f3 chung c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i qua h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o m\u00e1u – n\u00e3o (blood-brain barrier – BBB), do \u0111\u00f3 khi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 BCAA gi\u1ea3m, gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh tr\u00ean ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, l\u00e0m thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n cho vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c AAA v\u00e0o n\u00e3o. C\u00e1c AAA n\u00e0y khi v\u00e0o n\u00e3o, t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u201cch\u1ea5t d\u1eabn truy\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n kinh gi\u1ea3\u201d (\u201cfalse neurotransmitters\u201d), nh\u01b0 octopamine, tyrosine, phenylethylamine, l\u00e0m tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng th\u00eam t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e3o. S\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c BCAA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 do ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o glutamate \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9c ammonia \u1edf c\u01a1 v\u00e0o n\u00e3o; trong khi \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c AAA l\u00e0 do gan b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh suy gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 thanh th\u1ea3i. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m dung d\u1ecbch amino acid \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh v\u1ec1 gan c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao c\u1ee7a BCAA v\u00e0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c AAA. V\u00ec v\u1eady, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 BCAA\/amino acid to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 Fischer c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y t\u0103ng l\u00ean r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch amino acid chu\u1ea9n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 AAA\/amino acid to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3m \u0111i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u1eeb\u00a0B\u1ea3ng 3,\u00a0c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m amino acid cho b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd gan nh\u01b0\u00a0Morihepaminv\u00e0\u00a0Aminoleban\u00a0c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 Fischer l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 54.13 v\u00e0 37.05, t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 Fischer c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch amino acid chu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 Alvesin (3.24) v\u00e0 Aminoplasma (5.18).<\/p>\n
\u1ede b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n suy th\u1eadn:\u00a0B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n suy th\u1eadn c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 amino acid huy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m, do ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf protein; trong \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c BCAA gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c BCAA huy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ea3m v\u00e0 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 valin \u1edf c\u01a1 c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3m. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c BCAA \u1edf b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ec7nh th\u1eadn m\u1ea1n v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n l\u1ecdc m\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong\u00a0B\u1ea3ng 4, t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n
![\"amino](\"https:\/\/www.hmm88i.com\/drug\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/amino_acid_1.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/p>\nTr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m dung d\u1ecbch amino acid thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n suy th\u1eadn c\u0169ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c BCAA, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 BCAA\/amino acid to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec1u (nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3m % h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c AAA, do \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 Fischer t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch amino acid chu\u1ea9n).\u00a0B\u1ea3ng 3\u00a0m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch amino acid d\u00e0nh cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n suy th\u1eadn nh\u01b0\u00a0Neoamiyu,\u00a0Kidmin\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0Nephrosteril.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch amino acid d\u00f9ng cho tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em:<\/h3>\n
Vaminolact\u00a0l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m amino acid \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t cho tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/p>\n
- \n
- Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9a 18 amino acid thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebft c\u1ea7n cho s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p protein, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a s\u1eefa m\u1eb9.<\/li>\n
- C\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a taurin, m\u1ed9t amino acid th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 trong s\u1eefa m\u1eb9, gi\u00fap ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba \u1ee9 m\u1eadt \u1edf tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu taurin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n v\u00f5ng m\u1ea1c \u1edf tr\u1ebb.<\/li>\n
- Ch\u1ee9a cystein v\u00e0 tyrosin, c\u00e1c amino acid c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho tr\u1ebb, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 tr\u1ebb sinh non.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0B\u1ea3ng 3\u00a0cung c\u1ea5p th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m Vaminolact d\u00e0nh cho tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em.<\/p>\n
![\"amino](\"https:\/\/www.hmm88i.com\/drug\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/amino_acid_2.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/p>\nK\u1ebeT LU\u1eacN:<\/h2>\n
V\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng phong ph\u00fa c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u1ed5 sung amino acid tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n nay, th\u00ec b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p nh\u1ea5t, nh\u1eb1m cung c\u1ea5p cho d\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u0129 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin c\u0103n b\u1ea3n ban \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch amino acid kh\u00e1c \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n m\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n cho b\u00e1c s\u0129 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u1ed5 sung dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cho t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n
T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o:<\/h2>\n
- \n
- Kelly Kane, Kathy Prelack (2019). Advanced Medical Nutrition Therapy, Jones & Bartlett Learning, Burlington.<\/li>\n
- Sangita Sharma et al (2016). Nutrition at a glance, 2nd edition, John Wiley & Sons.<\/li>\n
- Rifat Latifi, Stanley J. Dudrick (2003). The Biology and Practice of Current Nutritional Support 2nd<\/sup>\u00a0Landes Bioscience.<\/li>\n
- van Goudoever JB, et al., ESPGHAN\/ESPEN\/ESPR guidelines on pediatric parenteral nutrition: Amino acids, Clinical Nutrition (2018),\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.
clnu.2018.06.945.<\/a><\/li>\n - Yarandi S.S., Zhao V.M., Hebbar G., Ziegler T.R. Amino acid composition in parenteral nutrition: What is the evidence? Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care. 2011;14:75\u201382.<\/li>\n
- Hole\u010dek M. Branched-chain amino acids in health and disease: metabolism, alterations in blood plasma, and as supplements. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2018;15:33.<\/li>\n
- Cano NJ, Fouque D, Leverve XM. Application of branched\u2010chain amino acids in human pathological states: renal failure. J Nutr. 2006;136:299S\u2010307S.<\/li>\n
- Th\u00f4ng tin k\u00ea toa c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: D\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u0129 Ph\u1ea1m C\u00f4ng Khanh – B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n Ho\u00e0n M\u1ef9 \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng – Nh\u1ecbp c\u1ea7u d\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
M\u1ede \u0110\u1ea6U C\u00e1c amino acid (hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 acid amin, vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 AA) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi carbonhydrate v\u00e0 lipid; l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n ph\u00e2n (monomer) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i protein v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p n\u00ean c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t […]\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":19545,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19539","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-y-te-suc-khoe"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hmm88i.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19539","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hmm88i.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hmm88i.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hmm88i.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hmm88i.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19539"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hmm88i.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19539\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hmm88i.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19545"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hmm88i.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19539"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hmm88i.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19539"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hmm88i.com\/drug\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19539"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
- van Goudoever JB, et al., ESPGHAN\/ESPEN\/ESPR guidelines on pediatric parenteral nutrition: Amino acids, Clinical Nutrition (2018),\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.