{"id":146665,"date":"2025-10-30T16:44:23","date_gmt":"2025-10-30T09:44:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hmm88i.com\/drug\/?p=146665"},"modified":"2025-10-30T16:45:03","modified_gmt":"2025-10-30T09:45:03","slug":"me-co-nhom-mau-rh-am","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hmm88i.com\/drug\/me-co-nhom-mau-rh-am\/","title":{"rendered":"CON C\u1ee6A M\u1eb8 C\u00d3 NH\u00d3M M\u00c1U RH \u00c2M"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u RH \u00e2m l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n

T\u1ebf b\u00e0o h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ec7 nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u ABO v\u00e0 Rh l\u00e0 hai th\u1ee9 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. Trong Rh, kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean D l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean Rhesus D (RhD) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 RhD d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh, trong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 RhD \u00e2m t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

Trong thai k\u1ef3, m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a thai nhi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t huy\u1ebft m\u1eb9 – thai nhi (FMH – feto-maternal haemorrhage). S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u00e1u RhD d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a thai nhi trong tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 RhD \u00e2m t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00edch th\u00edch h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a m\u1eb9, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean RhD (g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 anti-D). Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1eabn c\u1ea3m (sensitisation) hay mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch d\u1ecb th\u1ec3 (alloimmunisation) (NICE 2008).<\/p>\n

S\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc sinh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef mang thai trong bu\u1ed5i kh\u00e1m thai \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u00edch h\u1ee3p trong ch\u0103m s\u00f3c thai k\u1ef3. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u RhD \u00e2m t\u00ednh c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng b\u1eb1ng kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 Anti-D trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau sinh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y v\u1edbi n\u1eef h\u1ed9 sinh trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 mang thai (ASW, 2010).<\/p>\n

Nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eabn c\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ti\u00eam globulin mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch Anti-D cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra xu\u1ea5t huy\u1ebft m\u1eb9 – thai nhi (FMH). Li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng Anti-D tr\u01b0\u1edbc sinh \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef mang thai c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u RhD \u00e2m t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb m\u1eabn c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean RhD (NICE, 2008).<\/p>\n

Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau sinh, globulin mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch Anti-D n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eam cho m\u1ecdi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef RhD \u00e2m t\u00ednh ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb m\u1eabn c\u1ea3m trong v\u00f2ng 72 gi\u1edd sau khi sinh con RhD d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh (NICE, 2008). N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u1ebfu ti\u00eam trong v\u00f2ng 10 ng\u00e0y sau s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n g\u00e2y m\u1eabn c\u1ea3m (British Committee for Standards in Haematology, 2014). Globulin mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch Anti-D n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eam b\u1eafp v\u00e0o c\u01a1 delta.<\/p>\n

D\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y m\u1eabn c\u1ea3m trong thai k\u1ef3<\/h2>\n

Globulin mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch Anti-D n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef RhD \u00e2m t\u00ednh ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb m\u1eabn c\u1ea3m sau c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y m\u1eabn c\u1ea3m trong thai k\u1ef3 sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n